Why EVs Need Unique Tires

Most developed countries have plans to phase out carbon based energy in exchange for a renewable, less damaging source of energy over the next decade or two. While solar and wind generated energy have emerged as the cleanest and most efficient energy to run homes and businesses, electric vehicles have provided a much needed alternative for internal combustion engines. Their main difference, of course, is that electric vehicles are powered by either lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries but did you know they require an entirely different type of tires as well?

Both electric and traditional vehicle tires are designed to offer the best performance, efficiency and comfort. However, tires made specifically for EVs are tweaked by the manufacturers to account for extra factors that don’t affect conventional vehicles. One of them is weight. You see, electric vehicles weigh a lot more (up to 20-30%), and their heavy batteries increase the pressure and load the tires are under. Their tires have to be able to handle all this extra weight and manufacturers achieve this by fabricating stronger sidewalls. To avoid causing extra drag, the sidewall is designed to channel air around it more efficiently.

On top of weighing more, EVs have higher power outputs with nearly instant torques. They require a tread pattern and tread compound that will ensure the tire provides maximum grip on the road. Since an electric vehicle’s powertrain is a lot quieter than a regular car’s, you are more likely to hear tire noise which would have otherwise been covered up by the engine. Tire manufacturer Continental adds a foam inlay inside the tire to minimize the tire noise. The tires that Continental designs for electric vehicles usually have a ‘tall and narrow’ shape to reduce rolling resistance, thus increasing the vehicle’s range. With all the extra weight, the manufacturers also have to design the tire cavity’s shape to ensure the treads remain in contact with the road.

Tire manufacturer Michelin designed its Energy E-V tire solely for electric cars, and the tire can reduce interior noise by 40% and rolling resistance by 20%, adding up to four miles to your vehicle’s range. Bridgestone specially engineered EV sports car tires for the Volkswagen ID.3 hatchback to help increase range. The model-specific Turanzo Eco tires feature rolling resistance 30% lower than standard premium summer tires and about 20% lighter than comparable standard tires. Not only do the lighter tires increase range, but they also equate to almost 4.5 pounds less raw materials, thus reducing the overall impact the tires have on the environment.

It is innovations like these that are helping EV sector actors like Fisker Inc. (NYSE: SPAQ) to bring to market better electric vehicles that are more affordable for car owners.

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